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NTC Update (MAR 20)

Cavalry Defensive Operations Against a Near-Peer Threat

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Cavalry troops frequently fail to provide early warning to the protected force while performing a screen. Units are placed on disadvantageous terrain, fail to array in depth, and neglect to incorporate available aerial reconnaissance to extend observation and maximize reaction time and maneuver space.

A U.S. Army Soldier assigned to 1st ABCT, 3rd ID., scans for simulated enemy forces during Decisive Action Rotation 20-04 at the National Training Center in Fort Irwin, Calif., Feb. 11, 2020. (U.S. Army photo by Spc. Brooke Davis, Operations Group, National Training Center.)
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NTC Update (MAR 20)

Armor and Infantry in the Defense Against a Near-Peer Threat

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The main reason we conduct a defense is to set the conditions to transition to the offense. At the company level and below we must recognize the significance of properly preparing for defensive operations.  Units planning against a near peer threat at the National Training Center (NTC) will focus on preparing for an attack or conducting the seven steps of EADEV in preparation for a defense, but rarely do units prepare simultaneously for both.  Commanders must think through transitioning into defensive operations prior executing offensive operations.

Soldiers position vehicles to simulate taking over an enemy town during an exercise at the National Training Center in Fort Irwin, Calif., June 7, 2019. (US Army Photo by Sgt. Mason Cutrer).
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NTC Update (MAR 20)

Planning and Integrating Obstacles and Indirect Fires in the Defense

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Successful defensive operations against a near peer threat require units to thoroughly conduct engagement area development. Most units are able to effectively execute defensive operations, but struggle with the detailed planning required for obstacle emplacement and the time distance analysis required to choose effective locations for obstacles, indirect fires, and direct fires.

U.S. Army Soldiers participate in live-fire training during Exercise Saber Guardian in Varpalota, Hungary, June 5, 2019. U.S. Army Europe and Romanian land forces lead Saber Guardian, which is designed to improve the integration of multinational combat operations. Photo By: Army Spc. Jospeh Knoch.
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NTC Update (MAR 20)

Defensive Operations for the Field Artillery Battalion

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The purpose of this paper is to provide a context for Field Artillery (FA) units executing defensive operations in a Decisive Action Training Environment (DATE). The specific unit of focus for this paper is the Brigade Combat Team’s (BCT), Direct Support (DS) Field Artillery (FA) Battalion. The primary audiences for this paper are Fires Battalion Staff Officers and Non-Commissioned Officers, Battery and Forward Support Company Commanders, and First Sergeants. This paper is a collaboration of Key Developmental billet complete Observer Coach Trainers (OC/Ts) with an aggregate of ~100 rotations of experience at the National Training Center (NTC) Fort Irwin, CA.

Troopers from the Field Artillery Support Squadron, 3rd Cavalry Regiment, support Iraqi army operations with artillery fires from their M777A2 Howitzers. (2nd Lt. Jamie Douglas/Army)
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NTC Update (MAR 20)

Lift Aviation Assets in the Defense and Counterattack

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Defensive operations for a Brigade Combat Team (BCT) are complex operations requiring the synchronization of numerous units across multiple lines of effort. Critical to the success of any defensive operation and to subsequent counterattacks is the BCT’s ability to rapidly move personnel and equipment across the battlefield to support sustainment as well as movement and maneuver operations. Aviation assets are particularly valuable in the defense because of their speed, mobility, and versatility.[1] Directly or indirectly, lift aviation is able to support each of the fundamentals of the defense (disruption, flexibility, maneuver, massing effects, operations in depth, preparation, and security).[2] These valuable assets, require in depth planning and analysis prior to executing the defense to ensure efficient execution.

Army AH-64 Apache aircrews conduct formation practice at Camp Williams, Utah, June 5, 2019, before the funeral flyover for Army Air Forces 2nd Lt. Lynn W. Hadfield, whose remains were recovered after being listed as missing in action for 74 years. (U.S. Army photo).
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NTC Update (MAR 20)

Engineer Success in the Defense Rapid Preparation, Execution, and Transition

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Although the defense is an opportunity to inflict tremendous casualties and damage to enemy forces, many Army units and leaders view the defense with suspicion. Leaders often choose to spend the vast majority of training time on offensive tasks rather than defensive fundamentals. With appropriate planning and preparation for defensive operations, units can halt the enemy’s momentum, regenerate their own combat power, and then regain the initiative for offensive operations. According to ADP 3-90, this is the primary purpose of the defense[1]. When properly utilized, Engineers shape the battlefield, enhancing maneuver units ability to stop the enemy’s advance and destroy them in an engagement area (EA). If units overcome the following common friction points observed during National Training Center (NTC) rotations they can aggressively train and prepare to repel a fierce enemy attack – at NTC or wherever America needs them.

Soldiers from A Co, 116 Brigade Engineer Battalion, position their M1150 Assault Breacher Vehicle during a live-fire training exercise at the National Training Center (NTC) in Fort Irwin, Calif., June 12, 2019. (Photo by: Cpl. Alisha Grezlik, 115th Mobile Public Affairs Detachment)
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Common Trends in Brigade Medical Operations from JMRC

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Many young Medical Service Corps officers have only conducted Medical Operations (MEDOPS) in support of counterinsurgency operations with uncontested airspace. Due to changing threats, the Combat Training Centers (CTCs) have adapted scenarios to replicate decisive action (DA) combat against near peer threats. The DA environment is much different because airspace, communications, and key terrain are all contested. Additionally, near peer threats cause higher numbers of casualties. I have observed the following 10 trends over four DA rotations as a BDE MEDOPS OCT at the Joint Multinational Readiness Center (JMRC). The trends and recommended Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures (TTPs) described below are based on my observations in the field and each represents “a way,” not “the way” to coordinate health service support in the DA environment.

U.S Soldiers assigned to the the 82nd Airborne Division medevac a simulated casualty while conducting a freedom of maneuver detachment during a Kosovo Force (KFOR) mission rehearsal exercise (MRE) at the Joint Multinational Readiness Center in Hohenfels, Germany, July 1, 2017.
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Bringing the Crucible to your Couch

JRTC Virtual Training

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The enemy doesn’t practice social distancing. Great power competition and the adversary threat continue to grow during the time of COVID. The force is currently fighting to maintain the proper balance of safety for our troops and families, and readiness training to accomplish the mission. We must remain flexible and innovative. The Joint Readiness Training Center (JRTC) is here to help!

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BCAP, AIM, and now the DA Photo?…Oh My!

Focusing on Constants in a Time of Change

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The Army zeitgeist in 2019, and into the foreseeable, future is change. The Chief of Staff of the Army is not shy about how his past assignments influence his current vision. He assembled an entire Army Talent Management Task Force under a 2-Star General–Maj. Gen. McGee–to lead the effort. In 2019, the force experienced a new, interactive marketplace to match officers and open assignments. Eager majors and lieutenant colonels participated in an NFL Combine-type event (BCAP) to determine who will command at the O-5 level. And units across the Army started gearing up, literally, for a new Army Combat Fitness Test. Some are even calling to get rid of the DA Photo! How are we to interpret these changes? Here are a few constants from my foxhole.

Soldiers from 1-21 Infantry Battalion, 2nd Brigade Combat Team, 25th Infantry Division conduct platoon live fires to simulate realistic training, Hawaii, Jan. 15, 2020. (U.S. Army photo by Spc. Geoffrey Cooper)
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Come in Fighting (ABN PLT Attack)

The Company Leader TDG 20-04

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Looking around your C-17 and the paratroopers heavy laden with gear and a parachute, you would never known they all had just been laying in their own beds  only a week ago. When the missiles fell and our airbases in Atropia were overrun, they mobilized the 82nd Airborne Division to seize key airfields. That much you knew was possible when volunteering for an airborne assignment; the 80lbs ruck and Carl Gustav gunner to your right crushing you was not as well advertised. As the aircraft pitches into its evasive maneuvers you know you must be getting close to the drop zone. Heart pounding, they give the jump commands and you give yourself to the darkness with a vigorous up 6 and out 36.

U.S. Army paratroopers assigned to 54th Brigade Engineer Battalion, 173rd Airborne Brigade, participate in an airborne operation in northeastern Italy, Aug. 8, 2019. (U.S. Army photo by Sgt. Henry Villarama)